Co-Ed Golf 一 起学高尔夫
By Ned Snead — 耐德.斯耐德
Many serious golfers
would like to have their wives and daughters take up the game, but it’s a hard
sell. Spending half a day and a hundred
bucks swinging expensive clubs at a little white ball seems just as silly to a
woman as the same amount of time and money spent shopping for clothes and
jewelry seems to a man. Very few serious
golfers know how to make the game fun for their ladies.
许多技艺好的高尔夫球手希望他们的妻子和女儿一同参与这个活动，但是事与愿违。花费半天的时间和几百美元摇摆昂贵的球杆在高尔夫球上对一个女人来说是多么愚蠢的事情，就像对一个男人花费同样的时间和金钱去购买衣服和首饰。很少技艺好的高尔夫球手知道如何使他们的女士们从游戏中得到乐趣。
It might
be easier to sell the idea of exercise and pleasant company, but then it turns
out that many serious golfers ride around the course in golf carts, without
getting much exercise. Nine holes
walking is more exercise than eighteen holes riding, and it can be done in half
the time.
高尔夫既能健身又能娱，也许大家不难认同。但出现了另一种情况：许多高尔夫球手在场地乘上高尔夫球车，没有得到很多的锻炼。步行打九个洞比乘车打十八个洞更能锻炼身体，而且锻炼时间只要一半。
However, the golf cart turns out to be
almost necessary to carry the big leather bag for the fourteen clubs allowed
for serious golf and the ball retriever, towel, umbrella, extra balls, tees and
special shoes. Some carts also carry hot
and cold drinks and bottles of sand and grass seed to replace divots.
On many courses the cart is mandatory to keep walking golfers from
slowing up the serious golfers. The
carts are also a major source of revenue for the golf course.
然而，高尔夫球车又几乎是必需的，如果考虑到高尔夫球手所携带的物品：十四个球杆的大皮包、捞球器、毛巾、雨伞、备用球、球座和专用的鞋。可能还有冷热饮料以及修复草皮用的若干瓶沙和草籽。在很多情况下，为了不让赛事因步行而拖延，乘车是必要的。另外，高尔夫球车也是一个主要的收入来源。
The fourteen different clubs are mostly a
source of frustration for a beginner.
Each club is supposed to produce a different result, but it’s hard for
beginners to tell the difference, because they seldom get a ball up in the air
and headed straight toward the hole with ANY club.
对初学者来说，十四个不同的球杆很棘手。每个杆都有不同的作用，但是，他们很难说出球杆的不同点，因为他们用任何一个球杆都一样，很少能成功地击出一个进洞的好球。
Even the pleasant company turns out to be limited. Moving around and talking is not allowed
while a serious golfer is planning and executing a serious shot. If the shot turns out to be a blooper, the
pleasant company is likely to utter some unpleasant words.
甚至合心意的同伴是很难找的。当执着的高尔夫球者打算开始击球时，四处走动和谈话是不允许的。如击出一个很糟糕的球，陪伴者就可能说一些不太顺心的话。
Patience turns out to be another limited
commodity. Serious golfers can spend
five minutes (the maximum the rules allow) looking for a lost ball, and several
minutes surveying and planning a serious putt.
But when the honored guest gets her ball within a few feet of the hole,
the serious golfers don’t have time to let her putt it into the cup and hear it
rattle around. If you were to ask about
it, they would think they had made a generous gift by conceding a short
putt. Besides, they are in a hurry to
get to the next tee where they can complain about the slow players ahead.
耐心也是有限的，真正的高尔夫球者能花五分钟（所规定允许的最长时间）寻找丢失的球，几分钟观看和计划一个推杆。但是当尊敬的客人的球离洞只有几英尺的时候，那些高尔夫球者却不耐烦等候，以至客人没有时间把球轻击到球洞并听球在洞内四处滚动的声音。如果你问及他们，他们会认为他们已经做出了一个慷慨的短击让步。此外，他们正忙于到下一个球座，这样他们就可以早早抱怨动作慢的球手。
Maybe
we could make golf more fun for a beginner if we changed some of the
rules. A lady who is being pressured to
play with her husband has some leverage that the ordinary beginner lacks. She can say that golf is not fun the way it
is usually played and insist on some changes if she is going to continue to
try.
或许，如果我们改变了某些规则，可以使高尔夫球初学者得到更多乐趣。
被迫与自己丈夫打球的女士们比普通的初学者更有发言权。
她可以说通常打高尔夫球的方式没有意思，但如果她进一步尝试的话，她会坚持做一些改动。
For
a start, let’s quit counting every stroke.
Let’s count only the shots that produce SOUL FOOD by flying through the
air and landing in the fairway. We could
call these shots BRAVOs . Instead of trying for the fewest strokes, we
could try for the most and the player who makes the most of them wins.
首先，让我们先不要计较击球数。让我们只算这些又高又飘落点美妙的球吧。我叫这些击球“好棒”。以其谋求最少的击球，我们不如争取最多的喝彩声，赢得最多喝彩声的球员就是赢家。
A BRAVO putt should
travel the full distance and stop within two feet of the hole. Of course, any putt that goes in the hole is
a BRAVO, and that eliminates the need to define a GIMME putt, because we putt
them all into the hole to hear them rattle around.
一个很棒的推杆应使球移动很长距离并在距洞两英尺内停下来。
当然，任何的推杆进球都是好球，那么就没必要定义GIMME(不用击球,自动算分的)推杆了，因为我们推杆进球都会听到吱吱作响。
If BRAVOs are the only strokes
counted, then there is no need for MULLIGANS. We just drop another ball any time, anywhere,
and try again until we get a BRAVO.
如果“好棒”的球是唯一的记分形式，那么就没必要用
MULLIGANS(让一击)了。无论何时何地，我们反复地击球，直到我们进一个有喝彩声的球。
Hey, a beginner could even WIN this game.
嗨，甚至一个初学者都可以赢这场比赛。
“Real
golfers” (and golf course marshals) are sensitive to slow play, and we can
change a few rules to keep from being a nuisance to the players behind us. We should not take five minutes to look for a
lost ball. A golfer who really wants his
wife or lover to enjoy the game must not be stingy about golf balls. He can buy plenty of the cheapest balls
available and let somebody else pick up the strays. Thirty seconds should be enough time to look
for a ball. That should also be long
enough to select a club for the next shot or to plan a putt. The 30-second rule will keep our group moving
fast enough to satisfy almost anybody.
“真正的高尔夫球者”对赛事缓慢是很敏感的，我们可以改变几条规则来避免厌烦情绪。我们不应该花费五分钟去寻找打失的球。高尔夫球者真的想让他的妻子享受这个活动就不能在球上吝啬。他可以买许多最便宜的球，让他人捡打失的球。捡一个球花30秒钟足够了。这应该也是足够长的时间为下一次击球作计划和选择球杆。30秒钟规则让比赛节奏加快，使每个人满意。
Selecting
clubs may be a total waste of time for a beginner. Unless a ball is hit near the middle of the
clubface, it is likely to go off in any direction, and is not likely to score
as a BRAVO. Since we have put a premium
on getting the ball up in the air, we need a club with plenty of loft…something
like a 5-iron or 7-iron. Until a beginner
starts getting consistent results with that club, the only other club she needs
is a putter.
对初学者来说，选择球杆也许是纯粹的浪费时间。除非杆头正击在球上，否则球将会四处乱飞，当然不大可能是一个好球。因为我们给击出高漂的球以嘉奖，我们需要击球很高的球杆……如象五铁或者是七铁的球杆。直到初学者用这个杆得到稳定的结果，另一个需用的杆就是推杆。
“Real golfers” are fussy about playing
every ball from wherever it lies. The
result is lots of grass being dug up by the club head after it strikes the
ball. Digging these ‘divots’ is a skill
that beginners can put off until they have good control of the club head during
the swing. They can score more BRAVOs by
setting the ball up on a wooden tee for every fairway shot, and they will not
be guilty of killing so much grass.
“真正的高尔夫球者”对所击球的位置是很挑剔的。结果是许多草被球杆头击球后铲掉。初学者可以先学会挥杆，控制球杆头，再学习这些“草皮”技术。在每一个击球点上，他们可以把球放在木制的球座上以得到更多的喝彩声的球，他们就不会由于毁坏草坪而自责。
“Real golfers” are fussy about
silence. They expect everybody in sight
to remain motionless while they get themselves in the mood to hit the next
shot. If anybody moves or makes a noise,
they are likely to fly into a rage and blame somebody for their own lack of
skill and concentration. Tex Kassen, retired athletic director at Southwestern
University, was an old football coach and official. When he got ready to hit a golf ball he liked
lots of noise. I’m with
“真正的高尔夫球者”
很在意安静。当他们酝酿击球时，他们希望无人走动。如果有人走动或说话，他们就会狂怒地责备某人，因为他们自己缺少技巧和专注。西南大学的退休体育主任泰克斯. 凯森，是一位经验丰富的足球教练和长官。当他准备击球时，他喜欢有很多的声音。我和他一样。我认为有很多的人说话更有意思，没有人说话太严肃了。
Starting to Learn the
Game
让我们开始学这个游戏吧
Even if a beginner gets a full set of expensive equipment and clothes, and a series of private
lessons, she may be playing like a beginner for a long time. It’s embarrassing to hit a series of lousy
shots while our companions are hitting shots like television golfers. Before long the real golfers run out of nice
things to say about a beginner’s clumsy efforts.
即使一个初学者拥有全套的昂贵的器材和衣服，经过了一系列的私人课程的训练，她也许很长时间还是个初学者。我们的同伴们的击球象电视上的高尔夫球者那样，而我们却打出一连串的臭球，这样很令人尴尬。不久以后，真正的高尔夫球手就会对初学者的笨拙的努力不再赞扬。
It really makes almost no sense for a beginner to try to play along with
serious golfers. The time would be
better spent developing some skill around the practice putting green. This completely non-athletic part of the game
accounts for about two strokes on every hole, which is half of the four strokes
allowed for par on the average hole.
Putting is the part of the game that most serious golfers practice the
least, and it shouldn’t take long for a beginner to get as good as the average
golfer.
初学者和技术好的高尔夫球球手一起竞技是没有意义的。时间花费在果岭推杆区里提高技能比较好。这部分的比赛是完全非竞技的,一个洞两击，标准击球数是平均每个洞四击,因而这是四击的一半。短击是大多数技艺高超的高尔夫手练习最少的一部分，对处学者来说，它不需要花费很长的时间就能和一般的球手打的一样好。
Millions
of words have been written and published about PUTTING … most of them not very
helpful. I’m going to try to keep it
simple.
关于击球，已经有上百万的字写下并出版。大多数不是很有帮助。我打算努力使它们简化。
Accuracy is the most important thing in
golf, and it can be further divided into direction and distance. In order to get consistent accuracy, we must
“let the club do the work” with the least possible interference. If there were some way to suspend the club
from its end, like a pendulum, we could pull it back a few inches and let
gravity swing it forward , we would have a perfect
stroke. Both direction and distance
would be completely controlled by the backstroke. Keeping the striking face perpendicular to
the line of the backstroke would be our only other requirement. Incidentally, our imaginary pendulum would
swing exactly as far forward as we pulled it backward (if some of its momentum
were not absorbed by the ball).
准确性是高尔夫中最重要的事，它可以进一步被分为方向和距离。为了得到稳定的准确性，我们必须尽可能地减少干扰，“让球杆来做这个工作”。如果有办法使球杆的一端吊起，像一个钟摆，我们可以把它向后拉几英寸，让重力带动它前进，我们会有一个完美的击球。方向和距离完全可以通过后击来控制。我们的唯一要求是要使击面和后击线垂直。 顺便说一下，我们想像的钟摆在向后拉多远后会向前摆多远（如果它的动量没有被球吸收的话）。
It
should be obvious that the swing should be along the line you want the ball to
go, but how far should the club head go back and forward? A good starting point is an inch for every
foot you want the ball to travel. Up
hill, or with taller or wetter grass, it will take more. “Real golfers” practice on the putting green
before they go to the first tee, and then adjust the number of
inches-of-backswing per foot-of-travel as they learn what works out on the golf
course. This only works if you let
gravity pull the club head back through center, and don’t put any effort into
the swing.
很显然，摆动线应和你想让这个球经过的线路相一致，但是球杆头向后和向前应该摆动多远呢？一个好的起点是你想让这个球经过每一英尺就要摆动一英寸。在上坡，或更高或潮湿的草坪，它需要摆动得更远。“真正的高尔夫者”在用球座之前通常在果岭击球区练习，当他们知道什么在高尔夫球场地起作用时会调整经过每一英尺后摆英寸的数量。如果你让重力把球杆头后拉并穿越中心，它是起作用的，不需要在摆动上加任何外力。
Our real
problem is to develop a consistent way to stand and hold the club so that our
bodies become a nearly perfect device for holding a pendulum .
Most golf teachers agree that our wrists are not the best place for the
imaginary hinge. Somewhere near the neck
seems to be the best place for the axis, with the club, hands, and arms forming
a Y-shape that never changes during the putting stroke.
我们的真正的问题是如何形成一种稳定的方法去站立和握球棒，以至于我们的身体就象近乎完美的握着钟摆的器械。大多数高尔夫球老师认为我们的手腕不是想象中连接的最好部分。球杆，手，和胳膊形成一个Y形，而靠近脖子的地方看起来就是这个Y形的轴，在击球的过程中是不会改变的。
Figure 1 - Y formed by arms and club rotating around
neck
图1由胳膊和球棒绕着脖子旋转形成的Y形图。
You will
know you have a stroke worth keeping when you can pick any spot on the carpet
and hit five balls to within a few inches of each other, every time.
当你每次在地毯上选一个点击五次球并使其相互之间在几英寸之内，你将会知道你有一个值得保持的击球习惯。
Perfection (outdoors)
means playing on the practice green with only one ball, and never taking more
than two strokes to get it in the next hole.
Putting is also the part of the game where the whole group is close
together and watching every stroke. A
little skill here goes a long way.
完美（在户外）就是意味着在果岭练习区仅用一个球，不用多于两击就能使球进入下一个洞。轻击球是这场比赛的一部分，整个组的人都在一起观看每一击。一些小技巧的作用会很大。
Puttting outdoors also means putting on a green that is not
level like a carpet indoors. A green has
to have a little slope just to shed rain water.
They are usually built with much more slope to make the game more
interesting. After you learn to get the
ball to travel the right distance, your next challenge is to learn to aim for a
spot uphill from the cup far enough to let gravity bend the path into the
cup. Most beginners don’t aim high enough.
户外轻击是在不象室内地毯一样平的果岭区进行。草地必须有一点倾斜能让雨水流走。为了使活动更有意思，他们通常建造更多的斜坡。在您学会使球运行合适距离之后，您的下个挑战是学会从离洞足够远的地方，并且是在斜坡上，由重力把球的线路弯入洞内。
多数初学者设立的目标不够高。
Refined Putting
击球的改进
Earlier I said that about an inch of backswing for
every foot you
want to ball to roll is a good start.
It will usually keep a beginner’s ball from rolling way past the
hole. I did a test with a club hanging
from a real pendulum, pulling the club back gently with two fingers and
carefully letting it swing through the ball.
The results showed that it took an inch of backswing plus about nine inches. For twenty
feet of roll, I needed 20 + 9 = 29 inches of backswing. Ten feet of roll required 10 + 9 = 19 inches
我先前说过，一个好的开始是你想让球滚动每一英尺则后摆一英寸。它通常可防止初学者的球滚过洞。我做了一个实验把球棒吊在真正的钟摆上，用两个手指轻轻向后拉球杆并小心地让它穿过球。结果表明，一英寸的后摆需加大约九英寸。对二十英尺的滚道，我需要20+9=29英寸的后摆。十英尺的滚道要10+9=19英寸。
Even
this refined rule is seldom exactly right.
If the grass is short and dry, it will be too much. If the grass is wet, it will not be
enough. Up hill putts take a lot more
backswing.
甚至这样一个改进了的精细规则也不是绝对准确的。如果在干短草地上，它将太多了，如果在湿草地上，它将不够。上坡击球需要更多的后摆。
Down
hill putts are almost impossible to estimate.
Once a ball starts rolling down hill, it seems to go on forever. There is only one sure way to handle downhill
putts, and that is to avoid them. Plan
for your chip , or your next-to-last putt, to leave
the ball down hill from the cup, so your last putt will be up hill.
下坡的击球几乎是无法估计的。一旦球沿着斜坡滚动，它就不会停止。要想控制这种球，那就是别出现下坡球。无论低飞球，还是倒数第二杆，你都要有意识地避免下坡球，这样最后的推杆是上坡球。
Another priceless refinement is to always aim for a spot 17
inches past the hole. This comes from Dave Pelz. He gives some elaborate reasons for this
rule, but there is one simple reason. If your aim is perfect, but the ball
stops short of the hole, it never had a chance to go in. If it is rolling on the perfect line, but
just a tiny bit too fast, it will fall as it tries to go over the hole. If it stops within 17 inches of the hole,
your next putt is almost a lead-pipe cinch.
另一个精辟的见解是要瞄准越过洞十七英寸的点。这一观点来自戴夫. 佩兹。他列举了某些详细的理由，不过有一个简单的原因值得一提。
如果你瞄得很准，但力度不够，这球还是会在洞前停下来。它永远不会进洞。但是如果球的轨迹经过球洞，尽管球速快了一点，仍会掉进洞。
即使它在距洞十七英尺内停下来，下次推杆进球几乎是小事一桩。
Good Chipping Makes
Putting Easy
练好低飞球，推杆亦容易
If hours and hours on the practice putting
green gets just TOO boring, and it will, chipping is another non-athletic part
of the game that serious golfers seldom practice. Pick any iron, (a five-iron works fine). Start from just off the green, and practice
little, short, pendulum strokes, trying to get a ball close to any hole on the
putting green from 20 or 30 feet away.
Perfection would be getting the ball to stop three feet from the hole,
where a single putt would be a real possibility.
如果长时间的在果岭击球区练习推杆太无聊了，练习低飞球将会是这个活动中的另一个非竞技的部分。技术好的高尔夫手很少练习这些。选择合适的铁杆，（五号铁杆最好），在果岭区之外，轻轻挥杆。在离果岭区20或30英尺之外，尽可能把球击到接近任何在果岭区内的洞附近。最好是球离洞只有三英尺，接下来只需要一个推杆。
When 30-foot chips get too easy, try them
from 50 and 70 feet. Perfection at these
longer ranges requires stopping the ball in circles 5 and 7 feet from the hole,
where one putt is a distinct possibility and two putts is almost a cinch. Notice that the standard error should be ten
per cent of the original distance.
当击30英尺的低飞球太容易时，尝试移到
50或70英尺。好球应该停在离洞5或7英尺半径范围内，这样一个推杆进洞是极有可能的，两个推杆进洞是几乎必然的事。声明：允许失误是规定距离的百分之十。
Nobody plays that well all the time. It may seem that way on television, but the
editors broadcast mostly the spectacular shots.
Research shows that good golfers get only half of their shots into a
circle with a radius of ten per cent of the starting distance. That number shrinks to seven or eight per
cent for golfers without regular jobs who can make millions of dollars a year,
playing golf full time.
没有人一直能打得很好。在电视上也许是会这样的，但是导播主要播放引人入胜的击球。
研究表明，即使是优秀的高尔夫球运动员，也只有一半的击球落入全程距离百分之十的圆圈半径内。
那些一年可以赚上百万美元职业球员，这个数字就缩小到百分之七或百分之八。
Here’s how you can do it.
下面是打低飞球的姿势。
Notice at the address the left arm and the club shaft form an almost straight line, and they stay that way all through
the backswing and follow-through for a short chip.
注意左胳膊和高尔夫球杆几乎成一条直线，然后从后方摆向前方，击球后双手继续以身体为轴摆动。
Notice the feet are
closer together, because there is no need for any effort.
注意两只脚要靠拢，因为没有必要出力。
Notice the ball is positioned to the right of the right little toe, to
give the club head a chance to hit the ball before it hits the ground.
注意球的位置是右小趾的右边，这样，就能让球杆头先击球后撞地。
Notice
that all the action is rotation around the golfer’s neck. His head and all the rest of his body does
not move. Only his arms and shoulders
make an effortless swing.
注意所有的动作是以高尔夫球者的脖子为转轴的。他的头和身体的其它部分不动。仅他的胳膊和肩膀做自然摆动。
For 20 yards (60 feet), a 60-inch
backswing takes the club head to about 8 o’clock。
击20码（60英尺）低飞球姿势：60英寸的后摆， 把高尔夫棒头带到八点钟方向。
This is about as far as you can go while keeping the left arm in line with
the shaft. The backswing goes to the
这是你的左胳膊和球杆保持在一条直线上的最远距离。后摆到八点钟的位置，并且穿越到四点钟的位置。借助重力，胳膊带着球杆顺其自然地移动。
When the backswing
carries the club head past 8 o’clock it’s no longer possible to keep the left
arm in line with the shaft, but still the swing should be effortless, with the extra distance generated by the arms and
club falling from a greater height.
当棒头后挥超过八点钟，左胳膊不再可能和棒保持一条直线。但挥杆仍然是不费力的。胳膊和棒从更高的高度落下来，就会冲出更长的距离。
More Clubs ??？
需用更多的棒吗？？？
Two clubs are plenty for a beginner. When the serious golfers see how high,
straight, and pretty your shots go with a five iron, they will insist that you
try one of their woods, but it will probably be a disappointment to
everybody. Just continue to start from
the most forward tees, and be happy to see every shot go high and pretty and
land in the middle of the fairway. Your
scores may not be anything special, but they might be almost as good as those
of the slugger who knocks the balls out of sight and then spends the next five
minutes looking for them in the tall grass.
两个球杆对初学者来说足够了。如果你用五号铁杆击出又高又直又漂亮的球，技术好的球员看到后，一定会让你试试他们的木制杆。但结果可能会让每一个人失望。让我们还是从第一个的球座开始，高兴的看到每一个击出的漂亮的高球，落在球道中间。你的成绩可能没有什么特别，但是和那些把球击出视野之外并花五分钟在深草丛中寻的球的强力击手们比起来，并不差多少。
This paper started with the least athletic of all
the strokes in golf¾ that final two-foot putt. Then, working backward from the hole toward
the tee, we suggested some easy outdoor exercise where you have time to
practice the unglamorous parts of golf that contribute so much to low scores.
本文开始于高尔夫球所有的击球中最不费力的最后两英尺推杆。然后，从球洞向起点，反向练习。我们建议读者只要有时间，就去练习高尔夫球中一些造成低分的简单基本功，虽然索然无味，但却对初学者大有裨益。
If you
have really made any improvement in your putting and
chipping during this period, you will have made a major discovery about the
rest of golf. Trying hard almost always
makes things worse. If you can make a smooth, graceful swing, and always
contact the ball in the center of the club face, you can depend on a high,
straight and pretty shot that will be easy to find and easy to play for the
next shot. Hitting
harder might make the ball go a little farther, but only if you can keep the
extra effort from fouling up the smooth swing and the perfect contact with the
ball.
如果在你的推杆和低飞球已经取得了真正的提高，你可能领会了高尔夫球的其它方面。努力拼搏往往适得其反。如果你能做一个平稳的，幽雅的挥杆，如果你能用球杆击中球心，你就会打出一个高而直的漂亮的球。你的下一个击球就容易多了。加力可能会把球击得更远一点儿，但是条件是你不能破坏平稳的挥杆和最佳球击点。
The EFFORTLESS SWING
seems to be the hardest thing to teach a golfer. Here’s something to keep in mind before every
shot:
We want a N. E. A. T. swing.
Those
letters stand for “NO EFFORT AYE TALL”.
That’s
bad English for everybody but a
顺其自然的挥杆似乎是高尔夫球教学中最难的事。以下是每次击球前应记住的几点：
我们想要一个N.E.A.T挥杆。
这几个字母代表“每一份力用到恰到好处” (“NO
EFFORT AYE TALL”)。